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Rainwater Harvesting Resource

This resource is intended as basic introduction to rainwater harvesting. Further research is recommended before making the decision on what's required in your personal situation.

Index of Rainwater Harvesting Terminology

Acquasafe

An anti-bacterial anti-viral additive for storage water lasting up to 2 months. Uses patented technology to kill bacteria and viruses that may be harmful to humans. It is non-toxic and breaks down into water and oxygen. According to Acquasafe, water treated is safe for human consumption.



Aluminium Moulds

Aluminium moulds are expensive to tool. Besides the high cost of manufacturing with aluminium, extra procedures are required in making a rainwater tank mould. In some cases a full size clay model is carved then shaped. Fibreglass sheets are then placed over the clay to mould the shape.
Melted aluminium is then poured into the fibreglass covered clay mould. Aluminium cools and hardens. Clay and fibreglass removed then the mould is finished by machining sandblasting. Finally, anchor points are attached to the mould to fit the rotomoulding machine arm.



Backflow Prevention

Interchange devices like the Davey Rainbank or Precision Water Recycling System have backflow prevention devices like WaterMark approved dual check valves to prevent tank water causing cross contamination with mains water. This is why installation with these devices must be handled by licensed plumbers so you can be provided with a certificate of compliance on the installation.
These interchange devices go through strict application design, testing, and compliance for WaterMark and Australian Standards approval. They are expensive for this very reason .



Ball Valves

Ball valves are fitted between the rainwater tank and water pump when the water tank is installed. It is advisable to use one for shutting the flow between rainwater tank and pump should you need to isolate the tank and pump to fix a leak in the hose or remove the water pump for repairs.
Mainly made from Nickel Plated Brass. The ones made of plastic are not recommended.



Bladder Water Tanks

These water bladders are designed to fit under decks or beneath floorboards. The are installed and supported by galvanized or stainless steel frames. Rainwater stored in these bladder water tanks put a lot of weight on those frames. Geo tech fabric is the usual material used to make these bladder tanks.
Cleaning these bladder tanks may be an issue. Pump manufacturers discourage the use of mains water tank water interchange devices with these bladders.



Brass Tap

The standard Australian brass tap is 20mm or ¾ inch and ½ inch. Connections to Plasson® plastic tap bracket via ½  or ¾ inch threading.
Most water tank outlets are 25mm brass or 1 inch BSP. A plastic threaded reducer is necessary to reduce the 25mm thread to 20mm for a bucket height outlet from the rainwater tank



Carbon Cartridge

Filtration cartridge is designed to remove chlorine and filter out minerals that make “hard water”. Usually incorporated into a Water Filtering System which includes Reverse Osmosis Systems. The use of carbon filter cartridge in water filtration systems are common in many countries with hard water.



Cheap Water Tanks

Cheap water tanks may mean doubtful quality. Sub-standard manufacturing using lower grade LLDPE, using less materials hence thinner walls or worse, recycled plastic, normally in black coloured tanks passed off as virgin grade polyethylene. Be wary if the water tanks you are looking at is exceptionally cheap. Cost consideration should be balanced with reliability and durability backed up with known brands with Australian Standards AS/NZS: 4766 certification.
In recent times water tank prices in Melbourne Victoria have been the lowest in Australia. This fall is blamed on excess stock and increased competition in the market place.
It's certainly fine if the cheap price is due to bulk buys and excess stock but be wary of discontinued or excess stock--there may be no warranty on them. It certainly pays to do your research on rainwater tank brands. Inspect the build quality, weight and overall finishing of the water tanks you are considering. As cars are built in different quality according to standards and brand, the same applies to the humble rainwater tank.



Chlorine

Common swimming pool chlorine have been used to disinfect rainwater tanks contaminated with Blue Green Algae or other forms of micro-organisms including bacteria and viruses.
Rainwater from gutters tend to contain phosphor which reacts to sunlight causing algae growth. This can be easily dealt with. Please check dosage for volume of water to be treated. Too much chlorine may harm plants if tank rainwater is used for gardening



Chlorine Water Treatment or Chlorination

Chlorination is the process of adding chlorine to water as a method of water treatment and purification to make it fit for human consumption as drinking water. The practice of treating water with chlorine is effective in preventing the spread of disease. The use of chlorine has greatly reduced the prevalence of waterborne disease as it is effective against almost all bacteria and viruses, as well as amoeba.
The chlorination of public drinking supplies is debatable so many years on. People are still concerned about health effects. Some use carbon filtration systems to remove chlorine from potable mains water treated with chlorine and fluoride. This is recommended by some experts to be the better solution.



Compacted level base for rainwater tank installation

It is recommended water tank bases are compacted regardless of material used--whether its Lilydale toppings, quarter minus gravel etc. When compacting the base ensure the surface is level with a spirit leveler. This is important form the point of safety and warranty provisions of your rainwater tank.
Please check the installation and warranty details to ensure compliance with the manufacturers water tank installation guidelines. Precision Poly, Sealite, Urban Poly Tanks and Tankmasta allow compacted gravel bases or similar to be used.
Under no circumstances should you use sand--even compacted, as a form of base for your rainwater tank. Water flowing pass sand creates channels which may compromise your rainwater tank base.



Concrete Water Tanks

Concrete water tanks are mostly underground water tanks in urban areas and above ground water tanks in regional Australia. In recent times large concrete tubes have been modified and converted into underground water tanks in new estates. These under ground water tanks are strong and durable.
The advantage for these concrete water tanks are they do not let sunlight in. This will prevent algae growth from the lack of sunlight in the water tank. Concrete is porous by nature so these water tanks must be coated with waterproofing paint or equivalent.



Corrugated Steel Water Tanks

These mainly galvanized steel water tanks comes in round and oval slimline shapes. Corrugated surface gives these steel water tanks extra torsional strength. The choice is raw galvanized or coated through special treatment like Aquaplate or Colorbond.
Areas where rivets or other fastening systems hold the steel plates in shape may have issues with corrosion in time. Always check for rust to ensure long operational life of the steel galvanized water tank.



Crusher Dust

Crusher Dust are by-products of blue metal volcanic basalt rock. Composition is 80% dust and 20% grit up to 4mm in size.
Common application is road construction. In recent times commonly used in landscaping of gardens and backyards. It has become a popular common application for rain water tank base.
Mixed with about 20% dry cement in a wheel barrow, mixed without adding water. This mixture is then screed and leveled. Followed by placing the rainwater tank above--allowing natural moisture to react and bond. This type of base is popular because of it's lower construction cost compared to a concrete base.



Davey RainBank®

This mains water/rainwater interchange device are used for laundry and toilet applications. A basic example of solenoids switching over to one another when the sensor within the water tank senses level above or below the pre-determined changeover-.
Davey Products is Australia’s largest manufacturer or water pumps for rainwater and household use. Other products in the product range includes UV sterilizers and water treatment additives



Desalination

Desalination uses a process to reverse natural osmosis of salted water on one side of a filtration membrane to the other. This process can be applied on a large scale like a desalination plant to convert sea water to potable water. Power requirements are high for this process. Please see  Reverse Osmosis.



Desalination Plant Wonthaggi Victoria

The Victorian desalination plant is said to cost $3.1 Billion. It is not due to come online till 2011. Sea water treated will be pumped into Melbourne’s Cardinia Reservoir.
Victorians will be paying almost twice as much for water when the plant comes online. Latest rates announced by the Essential Services Commission are in our Water News link.



Rainwater Tank Rainwater Diverter

The device is designed to empty itself of contaminated water and resets automatically. Supplied in a kit form. Install it to the desired length of PVC pipe according to how much water you wish to divert before having it seal itself and divert the cleaner water into the rainwater tank.



Downpipe Wet Systems for Rainwater Tank Installations

In some circles, this system is called a Charged System, or Wet Pipe System. Instead of running PVC pipes above windows which can be very ugly, a wet system can be designed to divert water from the gutter to the water tank a distance away. PVC pipes can be buried underground for aesthetics and safety reasons. Highly recommended system for maximum rainwater harvesting for slimline to round water tanks. Installation cost is higher for these systems but worth the extra. 100mm PVC pipes are standard for such installations.
Run downpipes from the gutter to just above or below ground to the rainwater tank. Water tank can be located at a distance from the home. At the water tank end run a vertical spouting into the inlet of the water tank. The height of the inlet must be lower than the height of the gutter. Water displacement is the principle behind this wet system.
It is important the joints are well glued and sealed as water will be maintained inside the pipes below the spouting. Have a wire mesh coupling to prevent mosquitoes and vermin entering the wet system.
Alternatively, a semi-wet system can be designed to get around areas under windows, central heating or gas heater units. Combination of wet ad dry systems have been used to maximize the rainwater harvesting effort of some.
Kerrimuir highly recommends customers to spend less on a rainwater tank but more on piping. It is the result we are all after.



Drip Systems

Drip Systems including Sprinkler Systems for automatic garden irrigation using rainwater tanks should utilize reliable and powerful water pumps. The system should include a sediment filter to ensure dripper heads do not get clogged with sediment over time. See Sprinkler Systems.



Environmentally Friendly and Aware

We should have the attitude to be environmentally friendly. This means taking care of the environment in which we live. The scarcity of water around the world is a concern. Climate change is accepted as fact-- although there are handful of hold-outs who still think it's not real. UN Water and WHO--World Health Organization documents the severity of the global situation currently and in the next 10 years. Water scarcity is not only an Australian problem, its a worldwide one.



Federal Government Rebates

Federal Government Rebates on rainwater tanks have been targeted more to community based projects like schools, lawn bowling clubs, live saving clubs etc. Besides the Federal Governments Communities Water Grant there has not been a targeted program for residential properties wanting to install water tanks above what has been offered by the Victorian State Government and selected local councils.



Fibreglass Water Tanks

Fibreglass rainwater tanks are not as popular today in Australia compared to yesteryears mainly due to high manufacturing cost and specialized repairs if the fibreglass water tank should fail.
Depending on location, fibreglass tanks should last longer in the Australian outback as fibreglass resin is not as easily affected by ultraviolet radiation and chemical corrosion. They are also tolerant to extreme heat.
Fibreglass by nature is brittle compared to polyethylene. The fibreglass water tank may crack or split over time from excessive weight from water stored within. The other con is these water tanks let sunlight through--encourage algae bloom. May be minimized if painted to block out sunlight.



Filtration

Filtration of water for human consumption is necessary to prevent health issues from drinking contaminated water. Whether its water from  catchments, reservoirs or from a desalination plant water still requires some sort of filtration to be safe to drink. Drinking rainwater stored in water tanks can pose a health risk if consumed untreated. Please do not attempt to drink it in urban areas unless treated.
If you have plans to drink from your rainwater tank, please consult a professional about filtration and water treatment systems which may include Reverse Osmosis Systems with carbon filters. Some have ultraviolet disinfection units to give a higher degree of protection.
For garden irrigation using sprinklers and drip systems a sediment filter is recommended to prevent clogging of sprinkler and dripper heads.



First Flush Diverters

First flush diverters divert rainwater washing off dust and sediment from the roof and gutters into a 90mm PVC pipe chamber then redirects cleaner water into the rainwater tank.
Referred to some as Water Diverters, First Flush Devices, Dirt Traps, Downpipe Filters/Filtration, Tank Filters Rain or Rainwater Diverters. Brands and designs of first flush diverters are varied. The ball and seat is probably the most effective design.



Water Pump Flow Rate

Flow rate of pumps in the market vary from 25 to 90 litres a minute. Power of motor, impeller design, distance and height plays an important role in determining flow rate.
A gate valve half opened will affect the flow rate of the pump. The water pump counters resistance when extracting rainwater from the water tank to the impeller. Ball valves will provide better results compared to a gate valve.



FRP or Fibre-Reinforced Plastic Water Tanks

Rainwater tanks with added fibre materials to re-enforce the water tank body. Relatively rare in the Australian market.

Galvanised Water Tanks

Made from treated steel sheeting. Variations include Galvanised Steel Z600 coated with zinc. Zincalume sheets coated with zinc and aluminium. In recent times Aquaplate is a popular choice. Steel sheets coated with plastic. Finally Colorbond steel is said to last the longest.



Gate Valves

Gate Valves are Nickel Plated Brass variation of the Ball Valve. Fitted between the water tank and water tank pump. Having one fitted means you can turn off the flow from the water tank into the pump should you need to fix a leak in the hose or connectors, replace or relocated the water pump.



Gravel

The rule of thumb for rainwater tank base using gravel is to use gravel 10mm or smaller. Sharp edges of larger gravel may damage some cheaper and low quality plastic rainwater tanks. This may be regarded as “unsound base” and may void the water tank warranty. See Crusher Dust.



Green Sustainable Products

Green Products are sustainable products, like solar panels, recycled products, hybrid cars and of course rain water tanks. Every step taken will help the environment which in turn will be a better world for future generations. Taking steps today to reverse the damage will be far easier than passing on to the next generation to deal with. Doing every bit everyday will make a difference. Think globally, act locally.



Gutter Meshing

Product to keep leaves out of the gutters hence the rainwater tank. Designed to go over the entire guttering system reducing fire hazards and preserving the gutter from corrosion.



Large Round Domestic Urban or Rural Water Tanks

In suburbia, homes on a large block may require higher capacity watering. Australians have a history of loving the backyard garden. With the introduction of water restrictions for many years now, it seems the only solution to keep the garden lush and green is to have sustainable rainwater.



Leaf Beater™

Compact high performance rain head with elliptical primary screen that can be adjusted to achieve optimum performance depending on the intensity of rainfall and the amount of debris. The 6mm aperture mesh primary screen is virtually self cleaning as water washes the screen reducing maintenance. Comes with secondary screen equivalent to the Leaf Eater®.



Leaf Catcha™

Versatile designed leaf and debris catcher with two horizontal internal screens. Ideal for areas with lower rainfall and exposure to debris. Instead of deflecting leaf and debris it collects material in the main body of the rain head. It can be used as insect proof leaf strainer. Mounting can be gutter or wall.



Leaf Eater™

High performance rain head for leaf and debris removal, improving rainwater quality in the water tank. Made from PVC with a 6mm aperture stainless steel mesh primary screen plus a 0.955mm aperture stainless steel mesh secondary screen preventing mosquitoes and vermin entering the rainwater tank. This is ideal pre-filtration for First Flush Water Diverters. Can be mounted on wall or gutter.



Leaf Strainers

Rainwater tank leaf strainers are designed to not only keep leaves and debris out. They are designed to keep large organic matter, insects and mainly mosquitoes out. Good leaf strainers have stainless steel mesh with less than 1mm aperture to prevent mosquitoes getting into the water tank.
Every three months check the leaf strainer for leaf and debris. Clear the strainer of these debris to minimize tainting water in the rainwater tank.



Lilydale Toppings

Is a form of crushed gravel mainly used as driveway and pathways in garden landscaping. Well suited for rainwater tanks as it compacts well. Erosion is minimal during normal rainfall events. Excellent properties in getting a very compact water tank base but expensive compared to quarter minus gravel.



LLDPE

More than 90% of plastic rainwater tanks today are from low linear density polyethylene or LLDPE. Commonly called Food Grade Plastics which is sterile and safe to use for contact with food. This material comply with AS 2070 and AS 4766.
Other sorts of plastics like Cross-linked polyethylene or XDPE, Medium Density Polyethylene or MDPE, High Density Polyethylene or HDPE or even Low Density Polyethylene or LDPE may not be suitable for rainwater tanks.



Local Shire or Council Rebates

Please check with your local council or shire of extra rebates are available. There is no uniform rebate system around Australia.



Mains Pressure Water Tank Pump

Pumps with minimum 1.1HP or 800W at 60 litres a minute flow rate are generally required to provide equivalent mains water  pressure at the tap head. Lower ratings may be inadequate to perform.



Mains Water Pressure

Mains water pressure comes from a pumping station usually located close to a reservoir or water source for cities and towns. Mains pressure can be higher if your home is located close to a pumping station. Pressure will decrease as the distance increases from source. Taking in account of more homes and offices using water hence further decreasing the pressure.
When comparing water tank pump pressure to mains water pressure, the water pump should have high rating in terms of power, flow rate and pressure. Location of the pump from the water tank to the tap head should also be considered.



Melbourne Victoria Rainfall Patterns

Rainfall patterns for Melbourne and suburbs can be found at Melbourne Water website. This historical data is important in determining rainfall volume in the area which you live. This information can be used to estimate how much rainwater can be expected from roof surface available for the water tank.



Melbourne Water

The body in charge of managing and maintaining water resources in the state of Victoria. Together with other water retailers put recommendation to the Victorian State Government on water restriction triggers and water resource management.



Melbourne Water Restrictions

It is a fair public assumption water restrictions of some form will remain even if water catchments and reservoirs are filled to capacity.
In countries around the world including Australia deserts seem to be expanding with less potable water every year. The world is said to have less than 1% potable water, including ice caps and underground water. With population growth, water will be a resource that cannot be taken for granted anymore



Overflow Design

Stormwater connections including overflow design from the rainwater tank must be done according to regulations applicable to the area in which you reside. The general rule to consider is the amount of rain water that enters the tank should be able to flow out through the overflow, in some cases using 100mm pipes.



Plasson®

Compression tubing connectors by Vinidex. Fantastic well designed products that ensure water tightness in your installation. Assortment of elbows, connectors, T-Junctions, tap bracket etc.



Plastic Water Tank Manufacturing

Water tanks are manufactured in almost every country in the world. While plastic tanks from other countries seem ordinary in design, Australians lead in innovative and interesting designs.
Slimline designs aren’t without problems and manufacturing issues. Maintaining consistency throughout a slimline rainwater tank is challenging. These challenges can be reduced or overcome by good engineered design and experienced oven rotomoulding process including temperatures, timing and type of raw material for example.
Good products comes from good factories with good compliance to rotomoulding rules and guidelines, regardless of origin. This is demonstrated in products we have in our homes. Superiority in water tank quality comes from knowing the basics and applying the experience.



Plastic Rain Water Tank Repairs

Plastic or polyethylene water tank repairs are specialized services. There have been quite a high number of water tank failures due to design and manufacturing issues. Poly water tanks can be repaired in most cases stronger than similar area within the same rainwater tank.
Due to long warranties offered by many manufacturers, percentages of water tank failure will most likely occur. Discarding a leaking water tank is not only costly, it’s not sustainable. Those water tanks can be repaired very similar to a car tyre and will stay leak proof. Warranties may be given by some water tank repairers. Please check their terms and conditions.



Poly Water Tanks or Plastic Rainwater Tanks

Polyethylene or poly are commonly called plastic water tanks. In the polyethylene family, the material used to make rainwater tanks are called Low Linear Density PolyEthylene or LLDPE.
The best method to manufacture polyethylene tanks is oven rotomoulding.



Precision Poly Rain water Tanks

Experienced rainwater tank manufacturer based in NSW. Water tank range from 200 litres to 10,000 litres. Operates the Leonardo Moulding System from Italy for the new 3000 litre slimline.



Pump Cover

Water pump covers are one piece covers that fit over the top of a rainwater tank pump. Relatively easy to mould. Mainly made out of the same materials as the water tanks. Can colour match to water tank colours. Other designs from galvanised steel or equivalent.



Pump Box

Water pump boxes are 2 piece units with a body to fit the pump in and cover to keep it from the elements. Mainly made of LLDPE or lesser standard polyethylene as it does not require the structural integrity of a weighted three ton water tank.



PVC Downpipes

Can be bought in 1, 3 or 6 metre lengths. Common diameter is 90mm. Other sizes may include 50, 70, 100, 150mm for commercial applications. Available in different grades. Cutting and joining  using PVC Primer and PVC Glue is the only way to ensure good bonding and water tightness.



PVC Primer

PVC primers come in small containers of 250ml to 500ml from your local hardware store. Must be used to prime the downpipes before glue is applied to ensure a good bond.



PVC Glue

These glues are mainly use to join stormwater pipes. Mostly in blue or clear. The reason for  blue are for building and council inspectors to see the pink primer and blue glue has been applied to the joint.



Rain Heads

Rain Heads are essential when trees shed leaves on the roof and gutters. Forming a break between the gutter and downpipe so leaves and other debris can be filtered away. Most are designed to be self-cleaning.



Rainwater Tank Colours

Polyethylene water tanks colours come in many colours, at least 24. In the rotomoulding process, different shades of colour can occur even from same or different batches of coloured powder. There are also variations in processing time and oven heat. The finished product may differ a shade or two.
Colours viewed from a computer screen can be very different from the actual water tank. It is not advisable to rely on computer screens for colour accuracy.



Rain Water Tanks Australia

Water tanks are the environmentally responsible way of pursuing a green and sustainable future. Melbourne has a history of rainy days almost more than any city in the world. In the last decade climate change has altered rainfall patterns significantly.
Times have changed. Watering the garden and washing the cars with mains water is something of the past. State Governments in some form or another will keep water restrictions in place.



Rainwater Tank Future in Victoria

Rain water tanks are now part of Victoria’s future solution in water resources. As Victorians witness the desalination plant being built in Wonthaggi household and commercial water bills will double to pay for the project. After 2011 when the desalination plant is in operation it is then fair to assume price of water will keep increasing as it is managed by private consortiums. Assumptions can be made that large consortiums in Public Private Partnerships will factor in lucrative returns to investors in such infrastructures projects.
With the desalination plant costing $3.1 Billion and using 90MW of power to function, this will only provide Melbourne with a third of water requirements. Water restriction is assumed to continue into the future regardless of the availability of the desalination plant.
This is where rainwater tanks fill the gap for an overall water strategy for the state. On the domestic side, homeowners have freedom to use water harvested from their own property to use freely and legally.



Rainwater Tank Installations Melbourne Victoria

Installations of rainwater tanks can be performed by licensed or in some cases by the homeowner depending on local laws and warranty provisions of the water tank manufacturer or distributor.
Please read guidelines on terms & conditions of all rainwater tank manufacturers or distributors on warranty policies with self-installation. Majority of Australian manufacturers will void the warranty if not installed by a licensed plumber meaning extra cost for the project. Fine print are varied and terms and conditions very vague or ambiguous.



Rainwater Tank Warranty

The Australian rainwater tank market sees warranties ranging from 10 to 25 years. While long warranties may provide customers some buying confidence, warranty duration is only as long as the life of the company that manufactures those water tanks. We have seen many "phoenix companies" in this industry. Down today and up again with the same type of tank under another name. ASIC or Australian Securities & Investment Commission are most times powerless to do anything about it since the old company has ceased trading and hence do not need to carry their warranty obligations.
ARMA, Association of Rotational Moulders Australasia once quoted in their website customers should not be seduced by long warranties, unquote. Going by design and recognizing good products that will last is the best way forward.



Recycled Water

Melbourne Water has recycling stations around Melbourne. In newer suburbs near these recycling plants, grey water piping is incorporated into new development settings to achieve higher sustainability in water usage. Grey water outlets are identifiable by purple taps.



Rock and Roll Moulding

Rock and Rolling machines are the least expensive and most economical method of making rainwater tanks. They are mainly used to manufacture round water tanks. Some rainwater tank manufacturers use this machine to make slimline water tanks which has limitations in consistency as it is not bi-axially rotated like an oven rotomoulding machine. Heat transfer may be another issue as these machines are open flame instead of the whole mould placed in an oven which will have even heat throughout the surface of the mould.
However, in Australia, some companies have computer control rock and roll machines which are state-of-the-art, which will product in some cases better results than oven rotomoulding.
Heavy steel moulds for round or some slimline tanks have to use this method of rainwater tank manufacturing as they are too heavy to be rotated by bi-axial rotomoulding machine arms.



Rotational moulding

The rotational moulding process is a high temperature, low pressure plastic forming process that uses heat and biaxial rotation to produce hollow, one piece parts like water tanks.
The simplistic explanation of stages in making a rainwater tank are;

  • Pouring the measured quantity of polyethylene or LLDPE, usually in powder form into the mould.
  • Increasing the temperature of  the mould in a giant oven whilst it rotates until all the LLDPE has melted and adhered to the mould wall. It is bi-axially rotated through two or more axis, rotating at different speeds to provide an even coating of LLDPE on the inside wall of the mould. Timing in the oven is critical as too long the plastic will degrade--reducing impact strength. On the other hand if the mould does not stay in the oven long enough, the plastic may be incomplete causing it to be porous.
  • The mould is then taken out of the oven and cooled by fan. The plastic must be cooled so that it solidifies. The plastic water tank inside will shrink on cooling, coming apart within the mould making it easy to remove when the mould is opened. The cooling rate is imperative. Very rapid cooling would result in shrinking at an uncontrolled rate, producing a warped water tank.
  • Disassembling the mould to remove the new water tank within is the last stage. In most cases the 2 pieces of mould are joined together with clips. Once this is done, the mould is re-oiled and ready for the next water tank.


Rotomoulding

See Rotational Moulding



Recycled Plastic Water Tanks

To date there no technology to make rainwater tanks out of recycled plastic. Besides being a mixture of different sorts of plastic that may not be suitable for rainwater tank construction, recycled plastic are mostly contaminated with dirt and other materials. This can pose a problem in water- tightness and rigidity.



Rain Filters™

Filtration system designed to filter sediment and bacterial spores from rainwater tank systems. Rain Filters are installed before or after the water tank pump. Colour and odour is removed with a 15 micron filter. Comes in 10” or 20” filter cartridge and housing suitable for toilet flushing and laundry use. The 20” cartridge helps maintain and protect hot water systems, dishwashers and washing machines, ensuring clothes will not be discoloured by tainted rainwater.
A smaller Rain Filters Sediment Filtration System is highly recommended for prevention of sprinkler blockages. Extremely beneficial to remove fine sediment that may clog up the garden sprinkler system. Providing sediment filtration to 50 microns.

Rainwater Tank Mould

To make a water tank a mould is designed and engineered. The best moulds are made of aluminium or stainless steel.
Aluminium moulds are usually much thicker than an equivalent steel mould, as it is a softer metal. This thickness doesn't affect cycle times significantly since aluminium's thermal conductivity is many times greater than steel. Aluminium moulds tend to be costlier than similar steel moulds.

Rain water tank prices

Rainwater tank prices can vary from state to state, depending on factors like government rebates and locality of manufacturer. In Victoria, there are local manufacturers which may provide water tanks at a lower cost due to transportation. Water tanks are not cheap to freight, even locally.
Pricing competition can also make a difference in price of a similar water tank. Buying online could mean lower cost to you.



Rainwater Tanks Melbourne

Melbourne is going through severe water shortage worse than anytime in recent memory. Factors like climate change, low rainfall and population growth coupled with commercial growth of restaurants and various commercial entities require water for everyday operations.
The Victorian State Government has pinned their hopes on the desalination plant not due till 2011. Environmental experts and green lobby groups like ACF are saying the desalination is a costly and adds greenhouse gases to an ever choking planet, carbon credits or not.
Water saving attitudes whether domestically or commercially, using recycled water and installing rainwater tanks should be the combination to tackle this crisis else water shortage will continue to be a problem well into the future.There is no mention to date if water restrictions will be lifted anytime soon. It is still unclear if Melbourne would have enough water to go back to Stage 2 or 3 in 5 years time.



Reverse Osmosis Systems

Reverse Osmosis or RO is a process of water filtration through separation process that uses pressure to force a solution through a semipermeable membrane. This involves forcing untreated water through a membrane to extract clean water.
Best known for its use in desalination plants around the world. Arrays of RO Systems are linked to desalinate sea water. The technology is not new. It has been used to purify fresh water for medical, industrial and domestic applications for 40 years.



Rotational Moulding

This is a process by which at least two pieces of the mould of the rainwater tank is filled with specified weight in plastic powder. It is then placed in an oven that is heated between 220° to 260° Celsius.
The mould is fixed on a mechanical arm which bi-axially turns ensuring the melting plastic within the mould covers the inner wall. Once the oven process is completed the mould if left to cool most times assisted by fans. The mould is disassembled and the new polyethylene water tank is removed.



Round Water Tanks

Round tanks are normally manufactured using rock and roll machines. Well engineered medium sized round tanks are manufactured using bi-axial rotational moulding process like those used for slimline water tanks. Capacity can range from 100 litres to 35,000 litres depending on the mould and machine used.
Round tanks are generally lighter because it requires less raw  material and are therefore cheaper to produce. The shape of a round tank distributes pressure and stress evenly throughout the structure.



Sand Base

Sand base for a water tank is normally not acceptable as a base. Corrosion or wash out will occur hence degrading the base. Corrosion of sand is rapid with flowing water. With an average of 2-3 tonnes of water in a tank the corroding base is a safety issue.
Dependent on the rainwater tank manufacturer, base requirements are normally concrete base with a F62 mesh. While about 30% of manufacturers and wholesalers will allow their water tanks to be placed on compacted gravel base or equivalent. Please check this detail carefully before you purchase water tanks.



Sealite®

Quality endorsed company and experienced manufacturer of ocean buoys and marine equipment. Producing high quality engineered  rain water tanks made in Victoria using state of the art bi-axial rotomoulding machine.



Slimline Water Tanks Australia

Slimline Rainwater Tanks are the most popular water tanks in urban Australia. Available in different designed shapes, size and colours.
In most cases, the only location for a water tank is at the utility or blindside of the home next to central heating and hot water system. In such locations the distance between the wall and  fence are mainly about a metre in urban blocks. A slimline rainwater tank will allow you space  to get past the rainwater tank when required.



Slimline Rainwater Tank Designs

Slimline water tank designs comes in various designs. From the elliptical to the multi drum rectangular designs. Design and engineering are very important factors in determining the strength and durability of the design. Design faults have seen many slimline designs fail over time. What may be proven is the ability for UV treated polyethylene “to withstand the harsh Australian climate”. The water tank design may not be.



Slimline Rainwater Tanks Melbourne Victoria

Slimline rain water tank designs are popular in ever decreasing land size especially in the outer suburbs of Melbourne and inner city sub-divisions. Today land is at a premium. With lifestyle home designs like alfresco outdoor family and entertainment areas having a large round water tank may not be an option.
This is where a slimline water tank comes in. All homes will have an area for hot water services and heating units. That utility area normally is about a metre from wall to fence. A slimline design tank will slot into a spot between windows or along the fence line. Open space and small green garden watered by a slimline tank.



Small Round or Slimline Water Tanks

In homes with sub-divided land, units, townhouses or villa units, space is limited. Requirement for a small water tank may just be the answer for a small garden. This may be the compromise between having rainwater and saving valuable space.



Solar Hot Water Systems

Solar hot water systems will help you save cost of electricity or gas. Recent developments have seen evacuated vacuum systems being more energy efficient compared to standard solar panelled systems.
Photovoltaic cells and other new forms of light converting materials are still going through major technology advancements making them smaller, lighter and in time, cheaper.



Sprinkler Systems

The convenience of automated or manual sprinklers using mains water seem to be a practise of the distant past as Australians face tougher water restrictions with no end in sight. There are no restrictions for watering the garden or using water to hose down the driveway with rainwater. What is the cost of freedom to use water for home as you see fit?
For garden sprinkler systems, a large capacity round tank or minimum two linked slimline tanks may be required. Consumption of water is high in sprinkler systems. When connected to a high performance pressure pump via a sediment filter the automated or manual system will be fully functional as if mains water is used. Sprinklers need not be something for the historical section of Australian lifestyle.



State Government Rebates

From anecdotal evidence, the rebate system in Victoria has not been a considering factor when buying a rainwater tank. A homeowner who connects the rainwater tank for toilet and laundry use will find it an expensive exercise.
Australians want to do the right thing by using tank water to flush their toilets. The cost of  pump with interchange device and installation by licensed plumbers are very high.
After complying to receive the maximum rebate of $1,000, a homeowner will be over $1,000 in the red. Essentially it cost over $2000 for toilet and laundry connection compared to having the rainwater tank just for the garden. This is on top of the cost of water tank and accessories.



Stage 3a

Melbourne is still currently at Stage 3a for the past 2 years and will last till at least November 2008.  In Melbourne Water’s website, 29.3% is the Stage 4 trigger across all months. Melbourne's water storages are still falling considering we are robbing from Peter and giving to Paul--who incidentally lives under the same roof, with the Tarango Reservoir pipeline.
It has been reported the Victorian State Government has been putting off calling Stage 4 for economic and political reasons. The fact of the matter is water resources are straining to its limit. With Winter 09 rainfall lower than expected hard decisions will have to be made.



Stage 4 water restrictions for Melbourne would mean no watering of the garden including plants. This is costly to homeowners as expensive plants takes years to establish and now cannot be watered legally.
Maintaining a beautiful lush garden will be very difficult under such circumstances. Real estate  value may be lower by tens of thousands compared to a home with well manicured lush garden. The only way to beat restrictions is having rainwater to water the garden.



Stainless Steel Water Tanks

Stainless steel tanks are made from stainless steel sheets very much like galvanised sheets and are expensive. Stainless steel are still coated steel. Rivet points may pose an issue.



Steel Moulds

Steel moulds are the lowest cost water tank moulds to tool. Lacking the smoother finishing of an aluminium mould. Mainly used in Rock and Roll Machines or Open Fire Rotomoulding.
Heat transfer issues by using open-fire machines may in some cases overheat certain areas while other areas do not get enough heat. Steel is not as good as aluminium in heat transfer.



Stormwater

Rainwater from the gutters flow down the downpipes and connect to the stormwater system. It is this water we are capturing before it reaches the stormwater junction. In some cases, using a wet system, harvested stormwater can be directed to a rainwater tank at a distant.
Stormwater normally flows into a creek that feeds into a river system. Capturing this water is therefore friendly to the environment as it will reduce the degradation of creeks and stormwater channels before flowing out to sea.



Submersible Water Pumps

These water pumps were mainly used in agricultural settings to drain water. It can be designed to be placed inside a rainwater tank extract water to an Automatic Pressure Controller and on to a tap outlet.



Sustainability

Rainwater tanks are sustainable products. Being environmentally by not only harvesting and storing rainwater but also fully recyclable. Food grades plastic or LLDPE can be recycled into other products. Recycled water tanks are still not available in the current technology as virgin LLDPE should be used to ensure structural integrity of the water tank.



Sustainable Products

In recent times, the term sustainable products have been used for products that are friendly to the environment. Most of these relate to products that are from natural sources, recyclable or  just good for the long term sustainability of the planet.



Tank Water Treatment & Disinfection

There are many methods of water tank treatment. While tank water is not potable in its untreated form in urban areas, tank water is collected and consumed in regional areas of Australia. See Acquasafe, Reverse Osmosis Systems, Chlorine Water Treatment or Chlorination.



UltraViolet(UV) Disinfection

Ultraviolet light is used commercially and domestically to disinfect water by killing off bacteria and viruses. In rainwater use, filtration units including Reverse Osmosis Systems remove most bacteria with its filter cartridges. Then treated water runs along a UV sterilisation unit to kill off those not trapped by the carbon filters.



Underground Water Tanks

Underground water tanks can be made with plastic like LLDPE or Concrete. The Australian Standards compliance for these tanks are very high. The thickness is about 3 times more than your standard slimline tank or 8 times more than an average round rainwater tank.
These water tanks are expensive to manufacture and freight. Another factor to consider is the excavation cost and laying inlet and stormwater outlet pipes underground.



Vinidex

Vinidex manufactures plastic related products. In rainwater harvesting applications, 90mm and other size downpipes. Vinidex compression tubing are the best to use in rainwater tank pump installations.



Water Tank Pump Protection

Water pumps generally come with waterproof IP Ratings. The higher the number the better protected it is from water and elements getting into the motor, pump body or the Automatic Pressure Controller/Pressure Switch. For example, Australian Outdoor Electrical boxes have a rating of IP65.



Water Tank Pump Pressure Switch

See Automatic Pressure Controller



Water Tank Pump Maintenance

Water pumps require very little maintenance if any at all. Quality and performance of the water pump is very important. Without a pump the rain harvesting system will be rendered useless. Servicing every two to three years may include changing the carbon brushes.
High pressure quality water pumps have stainless steel parts like impeller, shaft and pump body. The electronics in the Automatic Pressure Controller is also very important to ensure consistent pressure and flow rate.



Water Tank Pump Pressure

Water Pump pressure output is very much determined by design, engineering, heat transfer properties and power in Watts or Horsepower. The design and materials used for the impeller, motor and bearings sets apart good and cheap pumps.
The APC or Automatic Pressure Controller is essentially a computer management system.



Water Tank Price Comparison Melbourne Victoria

Price comparison of rain water tanks should be made with design, materials used and weight of materials used. In recent times, water tanks have been getting lighter. Using less materials like LLDPE may compromise areas already weak due to the design of the rainwater tank.
Origin of the rainwater tank is not an issue with price. Raw materials used are based on world commodity prices. This will not affect the cost of overseas made tanks as labour is a small component in manufacturing a water tank.
What is clear though is the saturation in the past year of manufacturers from the northern states flooding states like Victoria of Queensland made tanks as the Queensland State Government changed the rules on the rebate scheme. Tank manufacturers suffered a sales slow down and some manufacturing businesses closed. Water tanks ended up in Victoria and some purchasers ended up having no warranty as companies closed.
Price difference between say a 2000 litre and 3000 litre slimline is generally about 15%. In round tanks the difference could be closer to 30% for every 1000 litres extra.
When comparing prices between slimline and round tanks, consider the space available at your home or workplace. If you have the space, then round tank are more economical as they are cheaper, due to less materials used and a simpler manufacturing process.



Water Tank Designs Australia

Water tank designs of the past has mostly been round corrugated steel tanks. This is seen commonly in country and regional Australia.
In its evolution, the use of plastic or poly which are Food Grade plastics have been popular. These type of tanks comply with Australian Standards AS.NZS4766 and AS2070. Corrosion is not an issue and potable water should be stored in food grade plastics.
From this flexible material slimline and round water tanks have been manufactured in many shapes and capacities with rotational moulding machines. Aesthetics of a rainwater tank should not be confused with strength and durability. In all inventions, some things work better and last longer than others.



Water Tank Installation Cost Melbourne Victoria

Installation cost of a rainwater tank system will depend on different factors. Most costly would be to connect a rain harvesting system for toilet and laundry use. These require pump and interchange devices that have backflow prevention hence must be installed by a licensed plumber. This can lead to substantial cost.
However, if the water tank is just used for garden and general use, then the connections are simpler. All connections products can be found at your local hardware store like Bunnings.

Water Tank Joiner

A simple hose to connect two or more rainwater tanks in series. Can be made using Plasson® connectors and Vinidex compression tubing or purchased as a kit. In the kit form, the tubing tends to be too long leaving a messy installation. Other kind of tank joiner kits include brass unions like those included in Urban Poly's modular rainwater tanks.



Water Tank Plumbing Melbourne Victoria

Under Victorian law, a licensed plumber must be used in order to claim the rebate for the water tank installation. According to environmental experts and lobbyist, this has been a hindrance to many thinking of installing a water tank.



Water Tank Prices Melbourne Victoria

Water tank prices are comparatively cheap compared to just 12 months ago when water tanks were not as available as today. Today you have choices of different shapes and sizes but one must not be seduced by really cheap water tanks. If its really cheap, you have to wonder why. Is it using cheap materials, is it factory seconds or worse, black tanks using recycled LLDPE. What about warranty?



Water Tank Pumps Melbourne Vic, Sydney NSW, Brisbane QLD, Adelaide SA

Good water pumps are well engineered mechanical machines. A well designed water tank pressure pump must have a high waterproof IP Rating. There are many cheap pumps in the market with sub-standard flow rates and pressure rating. Going by wattage power figures can be deceptive as higher power figures will not necessarily translate to higher flow and pressure.  The minimum requirement should be close to mains pressure flow and pressure which should be about 50 litres a minute and above.
Quality water pumps are made from expensive materials like stainless steel parts and aluminium extrusions. The Automatic Pressure Controller or pressure switch should be fully automatic. This means power can be left on and when the tap is turned, water will flow. When the tap is turned off, the pump will stop. Dry run protection is also important as the pump will switch off automatically when there is no more water flowing through the pump.



Water Tank  Accessories

These are products associated with rainwater tank installations. Applications of various products are varied. From first flush diverters to water tank sediment filters.



Water Tanks Australia

Water tanks in Australia are now permanent fixtures in many homes across the nation. While water tanks in an urban setting is new to some, it has been the main source of fresh water for regional Australia since settlement. Rainwater collected from roofs in country Australia are consumed and used for all household applications.
The drought of the last decade has seen rainwater tanks grow popular in cities and suburbs. Was not long ago councils and shires prohibit homeowners from installing water tanks in backyards or anywhere within the property because of planning regulations.
Now, rainwater tanks are encouraged and rebates are given by some councils to ease the burden of water restrictions. Today large capacity water tanks are used by councils to water local government managed gardens.




Disclaimer: All information provided are intended as a guide only. Information offered E& OE. Please consult professional advice in relation to your personal situation. Tankmasta® Donut 3000L and Bagel 5000L dimension drawings are copyrighted available in Tankmasta's brochures.